. Prof. Applicable To. The severity of lymphedema is categorized as mild (<20% increase in extremity volume), moderate (20–40%), or severe (>40%). With the exception of well-described. Three specific mosquito species are largely. It is endemic in tropical regions due to the presence of filariasis (Wucheria bancrofti). lymphogranuloma venereum or filarial infestation with Wuchereria bancrofti. spineless yucca. C. her left leg is affected by it . It damages the human lymphatic system, leading to disfiguring swelling of limbs, breasts. The skin stretches, thickens, becomes hard and tight, and changes color. The aim of the current study was to assess the etiology of elephantiasis and its associated risk factors. Add a drop of mounting medium and a coverslip. The standard method for diagnosing active infection is the identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic examination. The Global Programme to Eliminate. Other symptoms include fever, pain and swelling of lymph glands, headache, and inflammation of the lymph drainage areas, swelling of the scrotum, skin rashes and blindness. . 68. The Elephantitis term is usually used because for those who have it, their legs, arms, and face become much bigger compared to normal. These parasites are transmitted by different types of mosquitoes that act as vectors. Filariasis is called a disease of the poor and it is a severe public health problem. ICD - 9. Most commonly, it is caused due to filarial parasites. Elephantiasis (Facts and History) Overview Elephantiasis is a common term for either Lymphatic filariasis or Podoconiosis. bancrofti, humans are the. 1 The backbone of treatment is decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) that consists of manual. Case presentation We present a case of a 40-year-old European man with massive elephantiasis of the scrotum attributed to chronic inflammation of the lower urinary tract caused by urinary outlet obstruction and. It is often a result of the word elephantiasis being misheard. Filariasis is a condition caused by the obstruction of the lymph vessels in the lymphatic system, causing extensive swelling typically in the arms and legs, and sometimes other areas of the body, such as the genitals. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and obesity are common medical conditions that have many complications and an increasing incidence in the United States. The earliest symptom of lymphedema is nontender, pitting edema of the affected area, most commonly in the distal extremities. There were 864 endemic counties/cities in 16 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (P/A/M) with a total population of 330 million at risk of infection. The two other filarial causes of lymphatic filariasis are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori, which both. Caption: This photograph depicts a seated Philippine man, who was suffering with lymphatic filariasis, which had manifested as severe edema of his lower legs. Sometimes referred to as Elephantiasis tropica, it is a neglected and stigmatised mosquito-borne disease. DEC is both microfilaricidal and active against the adult worm. These parasites thrive in tropical regions, including parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Live filarial parasites and/or their products have a direct effect on lymphatic endothelial cells and on the cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. It affects the arms, legs and the male and female genitals most commonly. Physical Examination. Superficial lymphatic vessels drain the superficial structures and follow the drainage of the veins. Elephantiasis is a condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs. These results support the use of mass drug administration with the triple-drug regimen to. Browse 160+ elephantiasis stock photos and images available, or search for malaria or lymphatic filariasis to find more great stock photos and pictures. One day treatment is generally as effective as the 12-day regimen. He used this system for about 18 months and presented to us with. PHIL Home. Chronic infection can lead to swelling of the extremities, hydroceles, and testicular masses. 4824. Blood collection should be done at night to coincide with the appearance of the. Mass drug administration (MDA) reduces the. Retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months. Those who sleep without mosquito nets are at increased risk. The most common side effects are dizziness, nausea, fever. The World Health Organization (WHO) is building a better future for people everywhere. 1. [ 2] Filarial parasites can be classified according to the habitat of the adult worms in the vertebral host, as follows: Cutaneous group - Includes Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and Mansonella streptocerca. Wuchereria bancrofti. Elephantiasis is a consequence of swelling due to lymph accumulation (lymphedema). " Several readers noted that a more commonly used term for this condition is. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the. Lymphatic filariasis, which is colloquially known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (see the image below), Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. Practice Essentials. They develop in adults that commonly reside in the lymphatics . 3 min read. He will also enquire about the medical history and symptoms of the person. However, if the disease is left untreated, obstruction of the lymph flow will cause particular areas of the body especially the legs and. Acquired lymphangiomas most commonly occur in adults as a late sequela of mastectomy and radiation therapy. Chyluria is essentially urine with the appearance of milk (chyle) due to the inclusion of fat, protein and coagulated fibrin. Collaboration. Mix some salt in this & apply this paste to your swelling areas. ) is located at the foot of a mountain that commands a fine view in. It is a major cause of disability in endemic areas. . To avoid a severe Mazzotti-like. Download the full pdf here. Less than 60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses twice a day with meals. Education and information about lymphatic filariasis including frequently asked questions and vector information. The eosinophilia is often accompanied by high levels of Immunoglobulin E ( IgE) and antifilarial antibodies. PDF. spineless yucca. The causes of Lymphatic filariasis are nematodes of the family Filariodidea. It is caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes (roundworms) of the family Filariodidea that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitos. timori produce microfilariae that usually appear in the blood between 2200 and 0200 hours (nocturnal periodicity). ID#: 373. Lymphatic filariasis, commonly referred to as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease caused by tiny parasitic worms spread by mosquitos. Millions are Infected with filariasis •One hundred and twenty million people in at least 80 nations of the world have lymphatic filariasis One billion people are at risk of getting infected. Filariasis is a disease group affecting humans and animals, caused by filariae; ie, nematode parasites of the family Filariidae. The lump then breaks down into a sore that has a bad smell and may be painful. Even in asymptomatic people, adult filarial worms commonly cause subclinical lymphatic dilatation and dysfunction. The increase in the extravascular protein stimulates. Brugia malayi (Brugia),. Medications for Filariasis, Elephantiasis. The filariae are thread-like parasitic nematodes (roundworms) that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Usually misspelled and pronounced as elephantitis, the disease is also characterised by thickened and inflamed skin and its underlying tissues. Dead Messages 4. This disease also goes by the name Lymphatic Filariasis or Elephantitis. While most people. Non-pitting edema occurs when excess fluid builds up in the body causing swelling that does not indent when pressure is applied. It is the most troublesome manifestation that. Others may have inflammation, swelling or fever. On mature plants flowering spikes up to 1m long appear in summer and autumn bearing large numbers of creamy-white, hanging flowers. malaria. [ 2] Filarial parasites can be classified according to the habitat of the adult worms in the vertebral host, as follows: Cutaneous group - Includes Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and Mansonella streptocerca. It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. The long, threadlike worms block the body's lymphatic system—a network of channels, lymph nodes, and organs that helps maintain proper fluid levels in the body by draining lymph from tissues into the bloodstream. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented. Yucca plants grow outdoors in hot arid climates. It is a rare condition that is easily treated but can lead to death if no treatment is forthcoming. This study aimed to estimate patient numbers and characterise the physical, social and. ID#: 373. The Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries is a list of ICD-10-CM codes, organized "head to toe" into chapters and sections with coding notes and guidance for inclusions, exclusions, descriptions and more. フィラリア症（Filariasis）、糸状虫症 （しじょうちゅうしょう）とは、糸状虫上科（Filarioidea, フィラリア）の線形動物によって引き起こされる寄生虫病 。 クロバエや蚊などの吸血動物によって伝染される。. Annual mass treatment reduces the level of microfilariae in the blood and thus, diminishes transmission of infection. You receive a 35-year-old man who was brought by his wife to be tested for Filariasis. timori, that infect the lymphatic system to cause lymphatic filariasis. A 21-year-old man had overflow incontinence due to cauda equina syndrome. derm/888. In Asia, the disease can also be caused by Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. It includes organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer patches. Polythylene terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) are durable, hygienic and shatter-resistant plastics. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of 20 conditions that are mainly prevalent in tropical areas, where they mostly affect impoverished communities and disproportionately affect women and children. These are two different diseases but they both cause enlargement of lower extremities that would appear like an elephant’s limb and thus accountable for the term. Dr. Prion diseases damage the brain, memory loss, and cognitive difficulties. However, if the disease is left untreated, obstruction of the lymph flow will cause particular areas of the body especially the legs and. CDC gives the physicians the choice between 1 or 12-day treatment of DEC (6 mg/kg/day). In the chronic stage of Wuchereria bancrofti infection, chyluria or hemato-chyluria was commonly seen in endemic areas in Japan. Content source: Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. The disease was recorded in India as early as the sixth century BC by Sushruta in his book, Sushruta Samhita, and in the seventh century AD, Madhava-kara described signs and symptoms. Lymphedema, also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. The standard method for diagnosing active infection is the identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic examination. What is Elephantitis? As the name suggests, elephantitis is a medical condition that causes swelling and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues to a humongous size, mostly on the arms, legs and genitals. Our work touches lives around the world every day – often in invisible ways. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a major impediment to socioeconomic development (estimated loss $1 billion per year) and is responsible for immense psychosocial. Presented here is a case of a disfiguring skin condition that visually highlights the dermatologic consequences of poorly controlled CHF and obesity. Industries. The most common side effects are dizziness, nausea, fever. Proteus syndrome is one of the rarest genetic conditions in the world. Several species of Culex, Anopheles, Aedes and Mansonia mosquitoes are involved in transmission of LF. Medical Management. Lymphatic filariasis, often known as elephantiasis, is a human infection that is caused by the transmission of parasites called filarias through mosquitoes, including those of the genus Culex, which is widespread in urban and semi-urban areas. It is discussed in. . 7759/cureus. Another common but incorrect term used for elephantiasis is elephantitis. 2 times a day eat the paste of Clitoria Ternatea roots. The larvae travel to the lymphatic system Overview of the Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system. These worms live in, and cause damage to, the lymphatic system that normally returns fluids in our extremities to the circulatory system. T he lymphatic system is a characteristic feature of higher vertebrates required both for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance and as a conduit for lymphocyte transport to the lymph nodes. Though typically not fatal, lymphatic filarial disease is responsible for considerable suffering, deformity and disability and is the second leading parasitic cause of disability with DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) estimated to be 5. $34. The long, threadlike worms block the body's lymphatic system—a. While most people don't have any symptoms, the infection can cause painful swelling, particularly in the limbs, that can lead to permanent disability. Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is a rare form of chronic lymphedema that causes progressive cutaneous hypertrophy. The parasite is transmitted form human to human via the female mosquito and. Dry skin: In most cases, the affected area's skin appears to be dry and thick. Another common but incorrect term used for elephantiasis is elephantitis. A single 6 mg/kg dose is as effective as the previously recommended dose of 6 mg/kg/day for 12 days for killing the adult worm and long-term suppression of microfilariae. A single course of one antibiotic can successfully treat elephantiasis (filariasis), a parasitic worm disease that is one of the most common causes of global disability, concludes a study published in this weeks issue of The Lancet. C. Cobbold, 1877. 2% at 24 months (). The disease can be managed with drug. DOI 10. Examine the slide when dry. Abstract. You should keep your plant at around 65°F (18°C) minimum for it to thrive. Best Known For: Best known as "The Elephant Man," Joseph Carey Merrick has been the subject of many medical studies, documentaries and works of fiction. Generalist health personnel, when appropriately trained, can provide quality lymphoedema care in public health settings and patients when provided services close to their home, are willing to access them. Since the latter accounts for a smaller number of elephantiasis cases, it is often not given the same attention as the role lymphatic filariasis in the development of elephantiasis. 1). The prototype of this disease was depicted by involvement of lower limbs. In India, 99% of infections come from a type of mosquito spreading a type of worm through a mosquito bite. 1. Ivermectin. Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) represents cutaneous changes with fibrosis, papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis and verrucosis due to long-lasting lymphatic stasis, bacterial and mycological colonization, recurrence of infections and sometimes in combination with chronic venous insufficiency or severe obesity []. Elephantiasis is a debilitating tropical disease that is spread by mosquito bites. Some people have no symptoms. Stage 3: Lymphostatic Elephantiasis. There are individual variations in infection and development of elephantiasis, and there may be several reasons for this. All patients living or having lived in endemic areas are at risk for elephantiasis. Gail Todd, Mr Dilip K Kainikkara. Onchocerciasis, commonly known as “river blindness”, is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. Eradication of a disease refers to a deliberate effort that leads to the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent. Pathogenesis of lymphatic filarial disease (lymphedema, hydrocele, elephantiasis). Resources for Health Professionals. Initial allergic symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, headaches, body pain, bone and joint pain, vomiting, abscesses, skin ulcers, tiredness, and a usual feeling of ill health. DEC is generally well tolerated. 1). C. These body regions are generally associated with lymphatic. About 600 B. Health lays the foundation for vibrant and productive communities, stronger economies, safer nations and a better world. Elephantitis is the common term used for a disease that causes the inflammation and thickening of the skin and the tissues underlying the same. 1. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a condition characterized by swelling of the lower limbs. 2 billion people with the risk of infection [22, 89, 125]. The condition occurs when parasites transmitted by mosquitoes block up the patient's lymphatic system, leading to swelling of body tissue, including the genitals. Wesley Warren, 49, spent more than four years with this extra burden before having surgery to repair the damage from a rare medical condition called scrotal lymphedema. malaria. The tribers learned that eating the menstrual matter of cows helps them fight such diseases as rachitis, scurvy and leukemia. Details. Skin becomes stiff, tough and bulky in legs, genitals, breasts, arms et cetera. 当丝虫寄生虫通过蚊子传染给人类时发生感染。. Two women with elephantiasis wait at a hospital in Leogane, Haiti, in May 2012. Vectors of Lymphatic Filariasis. It can lead to severe disfiguration of body parts with gravity-dependent blood flow, especially the lower extremities. There are three different filarial species that can cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a very rare condition that’s spread by mosquitoes. Lymphedema is a clinical condition resulting from a failure in the drainage of the lymphatic system and the consequent formation of edema and is a chronic progressive condition; its development is an active dynamic process. Treatment Lymphoedema. Interventions. What is Elephantitis? Elephantiasis is a condition presenting as marked enlargement of certain regions of the body, most common of which are the upper and lower extremities, and genitalia. Patients with acute infection can present. The lymphatic channels drain excess fluid from the body and play a role in the infection-fighting immune system. By elephantiasis we mean a progressive histopathologic state or condition which is characterized by a chronic inflammatory fibromatosis or hypertrophy of the hypodermal and dermal connective tissue which is preceded by and associated with lymphatic and venous stasis, and may be caused by any obstruction or mechanical. 1. Dosage guidelines based on body weight: 15 to 25 kg: 3 mg orally one time. 2). The formation of pus in a cell due to the dying worms or a secondary bacterial infection results in: Skin rashes. The word "helminths" comes from the Greek meaning worm. Content source: Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria. Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi is endemic throughout most of the southern half of the Philippine archipelago. You are at higher risk if you are overweight or gain weight during cancer. Based on pathogenicity. The parasite undergoes several stages in its life cycle, wherein, it rapidly multiplies within the human body to produce smaller parasitic forms known as microfilariae infecting the. Filariasis can lead to lymphedema (fluid retention) or hydrocele (swelling in the scrotum). Mosquitos are the vectors, and humans are the primary reservoir. Lymphedema Nursing Interventions. The district's average altitude is 1,280 m above sea level and receives a well-distributed bimodal rainfall, average 1,200 mm annually. The suggested pathogenesis is [1]: Destruction of the hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. These parasites exist in the wild in subtropical parts of southern Asia, Africa, the South Pacific, and. October 7, 2015. Early-stage elephantiasis caused by bancroftian filariasis in a 27-year-old traveller was treated with a single-dose oral combination of ivermectin 24 mg plus albendazole 400 mg, followed by albendazole 800 mg for 21 days [35]. The adult worms only live in the human lymph system. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), or elephantiasis, is a mosquito-borne disease that disfigures and disables those who become infected. Agarwood Reduces The Filarial Symptoms. 26 to 44 kg: 6 mg orally one time. It is there. A new rapid acting drug, which targets the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia has been discovered that could potentially cut treatment times of filariasis from weeks to days. Lymphoedema is the name given to the swelling that occurs because of a damaged or blocked lymphatic system. Elephantis ( Ancient Greek: Ἐλεφαντίς) (fl. Kaki gajah atau filariasis adalah pembengkakan tungkai akibat infeksi cacing jenis filaria. Elephantiasis. 5101 Customer Service Toll Free Tel: 833. It is characterised by edema, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels. Rohit . The goal of the GPELF is to ensure that all the countries where the disease is endemic would have been transmission-free or would have entered post-intervention mass drug. 4. Urinalysis d. National Lymphedema Network PO Box 1008, New York, NY 10276 nln@lymphnet. Since most cases are due to lymphatic filariasis, it is important to have an understanding of this. 9% at 12 months, and 93. So to reduce the incidence of "Elephantiasis ", more intervention is required at an earlier stage, much more than is. Specific attention should be paid to the presence of coinfection with multiple filarial organisms, as this will alter the treatment regimen. C. Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by a variety of conditions, including, for instance, generalized fluid retention and localized reactions to trauma and allergies. They belong to the group of diseases called helminthiases . Protein, water and waste products are released into tissue in the normal way but a damaged lymphatic system prevents the drainage away and swelling of the affected area results (lymphostasis). Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms that only live in the human lymph system, which maintains the body's fluid balance and fights infections. Parasites - Loiasis. The adult worms of the species W bancrofti have a predilection for the intrascrotal lymphatic vessels in hosts; thus, hydrocele is. Podoconiosis, also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils. About 50 million. The lymphatic system is made up of many vessels that carry fluid throughout the body. Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries. The most distressing aspect of lymphatic filariasis is the attacks of acute adenolymphangitis, which cause considerable short-term and also long-term disability by worsening the lymphoedema. . Normal lymphatic physiology The normal function of the lymphatics is to return proteins, lipids, and water from the interstitium to the intravascular space; 40-50% of serum proteins are transported by this route each day. Excisional surgery with reconstruction is the mainstay of the treatment. Courtesy of CDC-PHIL (image id #21432). 60 kg or more: 400 mg orally twice a day with meals. The first symptom of granuloma inguinale is a painless red bump (lesion or ulcer) on or close to your genitals. Both diseases are included in the list of Neglected Tropical. Lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis are two of the eight neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) prioritized within the recently-launched Ethiopian NTD Master Plan (2013–2015). Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). PMID: 10900480. 10. Various factors can cause obstruction of the lymphatic system and result in. Filariasis may also be called elephantiasis, or lymphatic filariasis when it is caused by a parasite. Lymphangitis is inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes. Page last reviewed: April 11, 2018. The majority of causes are due to W. Stool examination Answer: A. Lymphoedema is a condition where the accumulation of excessive amounts of protein-rich fluid in the tissue results in swelling of one or more regions of the body. elephantipes. Some patients may suffer from paroxysmal cough during night time. The microfilariae infect vector arthropods, in which they mature to infective larvae. In 1997, The World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA 50. lymphatic filariasis. Browse 1,000+ lymphedema stock photos and images available, or search for lymphedema treatment or lymphedema leg to find more great stock photos and pictures. Accumulation of pus in cells. They are topped by spiral rosettes of sword-shaped, blue-green leaves that may reach 4 ft. 1. 99. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an important neglected parasitic disease according to the World Health Organization. Filarial diseases are a major health. Lymphatic filariasis, often known as elephantiasis, is a human infection that is caused by the transmission of parasites called filarias through mosquitoes, including those of the genus Culex, which is widespread in urban and semi-urban areas. Consequently, the current study assessed the overall. 1. It is of variable origin in the western world. A disease caused by the parasitic nematode worm Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi. 1. Yucca elephantipes—also called spineless yucca, stick yucca and yucca gigantea—is a type of shrubby plant with thick cane stems and sword-shaped leaves. Currently there may be up to 31 million microfilaraemics, 23 million cases of symptomatic filariasis, and about 473 million individuals potentially at risk of infection in the country. Elephantiasis stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is a program that aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2030. diabetes. The female worms measure 80 to 100 mm in length and 0. g. Cacing ini menyerang pembuluh getah bening dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is a rare and severe form of chronic lymphoedema. As the lead health authority within the United Nations (UN). 116. Infectious Diseases. An obese 58-year-old man was admitted to the cardiology department for poorly controlled congestive heart failure. Betel Leaves Are An Effective Filariasis Treatment. Scrotal elephantiasis is a condition rarely encountered in developed nations. Elephantiasis is a condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs. It is endemic in tropical regions due to the presence of filariasis (Wucheria bancrofti). Graphic by Ed Lustan. Our work touches lives around the world every day – often in invisible ways. Scrotal elephantiasis is a condition rarely encountered in developed nations. The stiff, leathery leaves are narrow, and up to 1m long. Its more better if you add some seeds to the paste of Clitoria. Indeed, LF is currently the target of a major global initiative to do just that; a few visionaries. To effectively plan morbidity management programmes, it is important to estimate disease burden and evaluate the needs of patients. 3. It is a rare ailment, and is mostly observed in parts of Africa, Asia and in the Middle-East. This enlargement occurs due to the. Chronic lymphedema–elephantiasis is one of the most common chronic manifestation of lymphatic filariasis. Rashes on the skin are an indication of fungal infections. Symptoms of elephantiasis most prominently noted is the swelling of body parts. Although it takes time and effort, the treatment can be used to bring lymphoedema under control. The term elephantiasis, or elephant skin, refers to an enlarged body part as a result of chronic lymphedema. However, there is an indication that lymphatic filariasis existed as early as 1500 B. 3. ; In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external,. Lymph is a transudative fluid that has a slightly alkaline pH. Types of Elephantiasis. A new rapid acting drug, which targets the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia has been discovered that could potentially cut treatment times of filariasis from weeks to days. , a singular symptom of bancroftian filariasis (elephantiasis arabum) was described by ancient Hindus and Persian doctors. 0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. A 69-year-old man presented with severe bilateral lower extremity woody edema, pebbly hyperkeratotic plaques, and a fetid odor (see accompanying figure. Brugia malayi is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), one of the three causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in humans. Namnet refererar till liknelsen att den lidande personens lemmar har tjock och säckig hud som en elefant. Elephantiasis, often incorrectly called elephantitis, is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling. chronic steroid use. โรคเท้าช้าง ( อังกฤษ: Elephantiasis) เป็น โรค ที่มีลักษณะ ผิวหนัง และเนื้อเยื่อข้างใต้หนาตัวขึ้น โดยเฉพาะ.